變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)做為當下(xia)電(dian)控領(ling)域一種非(fei)常(chang)普及的(de)(de)(de)控制設備，幾(ji)乎滲透到了工業生產活動的(de)(de)(de)各個角落。但對于一部(bu)分(fen)新入電(dian)工行或剛開始接觸(chu)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)同行而言，對其還感(gan)到比較陌生和(he)神(shen)秘，尤其是變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)一旦出(chu)現(xian)故障(zhang)更是容易手(shou)忙腳亂無從(cong)下(xia)手(shou)。今天本(ben)人根據多年使用和(he)檢修(xiu)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)經驗(yan)，總(zong)結歸納了關于變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)四大(da)故障(zhang)，并給出(chu)引起故障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關誘(you)因。
01過(guo)電流（短路）
過電(dian)流(liu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)在變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)各種故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)當中最為常見。該故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)多(duo)(duo)是由于以(yi)下問題(ti)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)：首先，啟動(dong)(dong)時只要(yao)升速(su)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就報故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，說明過電(dian)流(liu)很嚴重，多(duo)(duo)是負載(zai)短(duan)路(lu)、機(ji)械部(bu)件(jian)(jian)卡死、逆變(bian)模塊軟擊穿損壞(huai)以(yi)及加速(su)時間(jian)過短(duan)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de);其(qi)次變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)一送電(dian)就報故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，而(er)且不能“復(fu)位”排除，則大多(duo)(duo)是因為變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內部(bu)驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)路(lu)損壞(huai)、電(dian)流(liu)檢(jian)測回路(lu)損壞(huai)等(deng)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de);最后一種現象最為極端，變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在通電(dian)瞬間(jian)或經過短(duan)暫的(de)延時，便直(zhi)接(jie)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)上級空開跳閘同時機(ji)身內部(bu)發出(chu)(chu)炸響或冒出(chu)(chu)火花，則變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)整流(liu)單元(yuan)、功率逆變(bian)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)等(deng)直(zhi)接(jie)出(chu)(chu)現擊穿故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)所(suo)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)。
02過電(dian)壓(ya)
這種(zhong)故障(zhang)現(xian)象也經常出現(xian)在變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)故障(zhang)中。在排除(chu)供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)壓過高外，還有一種(zhong)情況(kuang)(kuang)下也會(hui)出現(xian)這種(zhong)故障(zhang)——當變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)停機過程中。這種(zhong)情況(kuang)(kuang)主要原因可(ke)能是(shi)減速(su)時(shi)間太短(duan)或制動電(dian)阻及制動單(dan)元(yuan)出現(xian)問題(ti)所導致的。
03欠電壓(ya)
于上面(mian)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)故(gu)(gu)障對應的(de)是(shi)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)故(gu)(gu)障，一般在排(pai)除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)低(di)外(wai)，還可能有以下幾種(zhong)原因造成(cheng)的(de)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)源缺相、整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路一個(ge)橋臂發生開路故(gu)(gu)障、主回路當中的(de)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量變(bian)小、或者電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)路出現問題也會(hui)致使變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)發生欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)故(gu)(gu)障。另外(wai)如果變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)內部的(de)緩(huan)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)未被短路切除(chu)，只(zhi)要(yao)變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)(qi)帶載(zai)啟(qi)動也會(hui)發生報欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)故(gu)(gu)障。
04超溫
超溫同樣也是變頻器(qi)一種常(chang)見的(de)故(gu)障，該故(gu)障多是因(yin)為變頻器(qi)工作環境溫度過高(gao)、散熱孔被堵、冷(leng)卻風扇損(sun)壞(huai)、溫度傳感器(qi)以及溫度檢測電路損(sun)壞(huai)等原因(yin)所造成的(de)。
通過上面關于(yu)變頻器四大常見(jian)故障（當然還(huan)有過載(zai)、輸出不(bu)平衡(heng)等故障）的簡析，各位同行(xing)不(bu)難看出變頻器要(yao)(yao)想平穩正常運(yun)行(xing)，還(huan)需要(yao)(yao)在日常維(wei)護中多下(xia)功夫，更需要(yao)(yao)我們切(qie)實(shi)根(gen)據現場情況來靈活運(yun)用才(cai)行(xing)，盡(jin)量做到(dao)防患于(yu)未(wei)然！
（來源：網(wang)絡，版(ban)權歸(gui)原作者(zhe)）
